变频器介绍(中英文)
什么是变频器?
What is a frequency inverter?
变频器是一种电子设备,可以控制交流电机的速度。背景:如果电动机或交流电动机直接由交流电压供电系统运行,则它们只能根据当地供电系统的极数和供电频率使用固定速度。但是,如果应用或生产过程需要可调节的交流电压(即可控速度),则使用变频器。这些变频器可以从恒定交流电压生成幅度(输出电压电平)和频率可变的交流电压。
Frequency inverters are electronic devices that let you control the speed of an AC motor. Background: If electric motors or AC motors are operated directly from an AC voltage supply system, they can only avail of a fixed speed based on the number of poles and the supply frequency of the power supply system on location. If, however, an application or production process requires an adjustable AC voltage (that is, a controllable speed), frequency inverters are used. These frequency inverters can generate an AC voltage that is variable in amplitude (the output voltage level) and frequency from a constant AC voltage.
变频器是如何工作的?
How does a frequency inverter work?
变频器连接在电机的上游,以产生可根据客户要求进行调整的交流电压。然后电源系统不再负责电机运行的频率和电压水平。相反,变频器接管了这项任务并控制输出频率和输出电压。
变频器的主要优点是什么?可以使用它无缝地将电机速度从几乎为零的速度更改为所需的标称速度,并获得更大的速度范围。电机的扭矩保持不变。因此,工厂运营商可以随时调整他们的驱动技术以适应他们需要的条件。变频器还允许直接切换旋转方向。一个简单的控制命令就足以改变相序。下游的交流电机然后以相反的方向转动。
A frequency inverter is therefore connected upstream of a motor to generate an AC voltage that can be adjusted to meet customer requirements. The power supply system then no longer generates the frequency and voltage level with which the motor operates. Instead, the frequency inverter takes over this task and controls the output frequency and output voltage.
What is the major advantage of the frequency inverter? You can use it to seamlessly change the speed of a motor from practically zero to your required nominal speed and have access to a significantly greater speed range. The torque of the motor remains unchanged. Plant operators can therefore adapt their drive technology to the conditions they require at any time. A frequency inverter also allows you to directly switch the direction of rotation. A simple control command is sufficient to change the phase sequence. The downstream AC motor then turns in the opposite direction.
有哪些类型的变频器可用?
What types of frequency inverter are available?
有两种不同类型的逆变器:电流控制型和电压控制型。它们的功能区别如下:
• 电流控制变频器始终将电流频率比 (I/f) 保持在恒定水平,适用于高兆瓦级应用。
• 相反,在较低的兆瓦或千瓦范围内,压控变频器代表了最新的最先进技术。它们始终将电压与频率的比率保持在恒定水平:因此,如果设计用于 230 V 电压和 50 Hz 频率的电机以 25 Hz 运行,则电压也减半至 115 V .
简单来说,以下情况适用于压控变频器: 整流器将供电系统提供的交流电压转换为直流电压。然后直流链路承担平滑和稳定该直流电压的任务。随后,电机侧运行的 DC-AC 逆变器产生具有应用所需输出频率的交流电压。由此产生的电压频率比会产生所需的电机速度。将所有组件相互连接的集成控制器指定或计算所需的速度。
There are two different types of inverter: current-controlled and voltage-controlled. Their functions differ as follows:
• Current-controlled frequency inverters maintain the ratio of current to frequency (I/f) at a constant level at all times and are suitable for use in applications in the high megawatt range.
• In the lower megawatt or kilowatt range, in contrast, voltage-controlled frequency inverters represent the latest state-of-the-art technology. They maintain the ratio of voltage to frequency at a constant level at all times: If, therefore, a motor that is designed for a voltage of 230 V and frequency of 50 Hz is operated with 25 Hz, the voltage is also halved to 115 V.
In simple terms, the following cases are suitable for voltage-controlled frequency inverters: A rectifier converts the AC voltage supplied from the supply system into DC voltage. A DC link then takes on the task of smoothing and stabilizing this DC voltage. Subsequently, the operative DC-AC inverter on the motor side generates an AC voltage with the output frequency required by the application. The resulting voltage-to-frequency ratio then produces the required motor speed. An integrated controller that connects all of the assemblies to each other specifies or calculates the required speed.
变频器用在什么地方?
Where are frequency inverters used?
变频器用于各种各样的工业部门和应用。无论是泵和风扇、加工机器、传送带和装配线的驱动器,还是起重机和搬运系统:变频器现在在工业生产中都是不可或缺的。在该领域,自适应或无级变速可优化生产流程——此外,带速度控制的驱动器还可确保节能运行。
Frequency inverters are used in a huge variety of industrial sectors and applications. Whether in drives for pumps and fans, processing machines, conveyor belts and assembly lines, or cranes and handling systems: Frequency inverters are now indispensable in industrial production. In that sector, an adapted or infinitely variable speed allows for optimized production processes – alongside the additional benefit that drives with speed control ensure energy-efficient operation.
适用于各种设备和机器的变频器
Frequency inverters for every kind of plant and machine
变频器有不同的设计,并具有大量可选功能,可满足多种需求和要求。另一个决定性的问题是,变频器是安装在墙上、控制柜中受保护的中央位置,还是直接安装在现场(即分散位置)。并且根据相关应用的简单程度或复杂程度,越来越多的基础变频器或应用变频器、功能范围广泛的变频器或多轴伺服变频器正在投入使用。
The frequency inverters are available in different designs and with a large number of optional functions that cater to many needs and requirements. Another decisive issue is whether a frequency inverter is to be positioned on the wall, in a central and protected position in a control cabinet, or directly in the field (that is, a decentralized location). And depending on how simple or ambitious the application in question is, more and more basic frequency inverters, or application inverters, with a large scope of functions or multi-axis servo inverters are being put to use.
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